The anatomical differences between men and women are ways to distinctly separate the two sexes. However, as society moves away from "sex" and more towards "gender", which is not necessarily defined by anatomy, these distinctions become less black and white. In past years, before the notion of "gender" became more well known and mainstream, women were defined by what were seen as their bodily disadvantages, such as menstruation. This was seen as a sign of weakness and made them inferior to men, and this idea is still prevalent today.
"Newsweek, decrying a newly noticed phenomenon of dissatisfied housewives in 1960, identified the core of the issue: menstruation. 'From the beginning of time, the female cycle has defined and confined woman's role,' the newsmagazine wrote. As Freud was credited with saying: 'Anatomy is destiny.' Though no group of women has ever pushed aside these natural restrictions as far as the American wife, it seems that she still cannot accept them in good grace."
Collins, Gail. When Everything Changed, The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1950 to the Present. 2009. Conversations in American Literature, by Robin Dissin Aufses et al., Boston, Bedford/St. Martin's, 2015, pp. 988-91.
This artifact describes how menstruation is the root cause of all dissatisfaction in women, and how their anatomy defines them as inferior to men. This also relates to the cult of domesticity, which is the notion that women belong in the home and away from the "danger" of the workplace. This quote uses anatomy as a justification for the cult of domesticity.
This artifact describes the anatomical difference between men's and women's brains. Women's brains are generally smaller than men's, which is sometimes used as an argument that women are less intelligent than men. However, the size difference between males and females has been proven to have no impact on general intelligence.
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Gould, Stephen Jay. "Women's Brains." The Language of Composition, compiled by Renee Shea et al., Bedford/St. Martin's, 2008, pp. 349-54.